MeSH No significant difference in macroscopic tumor development, LOAEL for increased mortality: 5 ppm drinking water, ** mean per sex: M 746 days (90% dead: 987 days) and F 797 days (90% dead 992 d), Microtus agrestis (short tailed field vole), According to exposure duration: 8, 10, 8, 8 and 12, 8, 30, 40, 50, 60 d and 30+5 recovery, 30+10 recovery. Cancer Assessment. 58802 Balve, Germany Chemische Fabrik Wocklum Gebr. A small amount of the antimony that you eat or drink enters the blood after a few hours. Both storage time and high temperatures are factors that increase the migration of antimony from the food contact plastics to the food or beverage. Contact us directly for more information. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 1Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Centre Environment & Health, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; eb.nevueluk.tneduts@snereas.notna (A.S.); eb.nevueluk@hsohg.jisonam (M.G. The material is used widely as a flame-retardant auxiliary and also as a catalyst for plastic production. anticipated to be a human carcinogen (causing cancer in people). The electroneutral form is the white elemental crystalline Sb. -Trivalent negative antimony (-III) and species. This naturally occurring metal is combined with lead, zinc, tin, and other metals to make metal alloys. Cancer has determined that antimony trioxide is possibly carcinogenic to humans and that antimony 95 %, extra pure. Mutat Res. Data of individual studies can be found in Table 5. Antimony is a silvery-white metal that is found in the earths crust. 2022 Mar 22;13:814323. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.814323. Antimony Trioxide is a Chemical of Concern which is a toxin to our bodies. Bookshelf Some of Gerhardsson L., Brune D., Nordberg G.F., Wester P. Antimony in lung, liver and kidney tissue from deceased smelter workers. Used for the production of high transparency glass, enamels, semiconductors and adhesives. Data of individual studies can be found in Table 4. Moreover, this research had a small sample size and a short exposure. Behavior and toxicity of antimony in the short-tailed field vole (Microtus agrestis). Third, results of human research papers included in this review cannot be reliably compared. Regarding ToxLine articles, 3 more articles were discussed (Zhang 2018 [26], Rossi 1987 [28], and Sunderman 1983 [29]), which had been excluded before. Clemente R. Antimony. Kirkland D., Whitwell J., Deyo J., Serex T. Failure of antimony trioxide to induce micronuclei or chromosomal aberrations in rat bone-marrow after sub-chronic oral dosing. Firstly, an interpretation of results from, especially, human studies should be viewed within the limitations of these individual articles (as described in detail under results). How can I protect myself and my family from antimony? For other industrial processes, one study could be found for the following: Antimony smelting [38], fur manufacturing [22], and steel manufacturing [39]. 1.8. Mol. Dieter M.P., Jameson C.W., Elwell M.R., Lodge J.W., Hejtmancik M., Grumbein S.L., Ryan M., Peters A.C. PeerJ. National Library of Medicine Send inquiry. One of the reasons for this could be the relatively low use of antimonials in industrial applications [14]. Request a callback. As far as we know, this is the first systematic review assessing cancer risk specifically in workers for all possible exposure routes. This conclusion is based on an observed increase of lung cancer cases and preneoplastic lung lesions in exposed animals in a key study, reinforced by supportive and informative studies. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the A cancer assessment for antimony trioxide is not available on IRIS (U.S. EPA, 2008) or in the HEAST (U.S. EPA, 1997). De Smet D, Wry M, Bader M, Stachel I, Meyer M, Vanneste M. Materials (Basel). Squamous metaplasia of the epiglottis was seen in mice with subacute exposure to antimony trioxide at higher exposure doses. Only two of the human toxicology studies specified the antimony species to which workers were exposed. Concerning the informative papers, Kanisawa [44] saw no adverse effects, Schroeder [45] saw an increase in mortality, and Dieter [31] saw a decrease in weight gain, hepatocellular centrilobular cytoplasmic vacuolization, stomach inflammation, necrosis, ulceration, and squamous epithelium hyperplasia in mice whereas they saw no adverse effects in rats. It is used mainly in fire-retardant formulations for plastics, rubbers . Consequently, many studies are not of speciation and often consider jointly other concomitant (potentially) carcinogenic substances. No increases in MNPCE, MNNCE, PCE or DNA damage in lung tissue samples or blood leukocytes were observed in male or female Wistar Han rats following exposure to antimony trioxide for 12 months. The amount and Yamanaka Sangyo began the smelting of antimony in Japan in 1900. Workers live longer and can be exposed for longer than 2 years. In PubMed, we used the search terms (Occupational Exposure [Mesh] OR work* [All Fields]) AND (antimony used the search terms (Occupational Exposure [Mesh] OR work* [All Fields]) AND (antimony [Mesh] OR antimony [All Fields]) AND (Neoplasms [Mesh] OR cancer [All Fields] OR canc* [All Fields]) on 28 June 2018 and this search yielded 26 hits. Research Triangle Park (NC): National Toxicology Program; 2018 Oct. Schildroth S, Osborne G, Smith AR, Yip C, Collins C, Smith MT, Sandy MS, Zhang L. Occup Environ Med. Jones 1994 (major confounding) and Jones 2007 (use of weighing model) received a supportive rating. nausea and vomiting, and muscle and joint pain. National Toxicology Program (NTP), N.I. In 2018 the US NTP published its revised draft Report on Carcinogens (RoC) Monograph on Antimony trioxide. Top of Page Res. It got the highest ROB score. 2022 Sep 12;10:963138. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.963138. Mann K.K., Davison K., Colombo M., Colosimo A.L., Diaz Z., Padovani A.M.S., Guo Q., Scrivens P.J., Gao W., Mader S., et al. According to the US NTP, under the conditions of these 2-year inhalation studies, there was some evidence of carcinogenic activity of Antimony trioxide in rats and clear evidence of carcinogenic activity of Antimony trioxide in mice. Antimony can be measured in the urine, Gebel T. Suppression of arsenic-induced chromosome mutagenicity by antimony. Plasma micronutrients, trace elements, and breast cancer in BRCA1 mutation carriers: An exploratory study. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Antimony oxide is an Schnorr T.M., Steenland K., Thun M.J., Rinsky R.A. Mortality in a cohort of antimony smelter workers. Studies included in the individual data streams were assessed according to the TCEQs guidance score criteria. An increase in lymphoma in female mice was observed in the same study. CAS No. The substances most studied are antimony trioxide in inhalation [16,21,41,42], ingestion [33,34,42,43], and dermal contact studies [16] as well as antimony potassium tartrate, only in oral ingestion via food or water [31,44,45,46]. The CLP Regulation makes sure that the hazards presented by chemicals are clearly communicated to . Zhang 2018 [26] had already been excluded after discussion of other search results. It was not possible for any of the studies to establish a no observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) nor to establish the lowest observed adverse effects levels (LOAEL). Schaefer H.R., Myers J.L. Afterwards, evidence was integrated in the separate data streams and finally integrated across data streams. those listed in Annex VI of the CLP Regulation (1272/2008/EC)), the purity profile and physical form of each substance, and all evidence considered to be both relevant and reliable. Increased risk of death from all malignancies combined (SMR 184 (US) and 151 (NYC), Subjects: glassworks employees. K,]IM Moreover, exposure was impure (to about 50%), although exposure to known carcinogens (arsenic, lead) was not considered sufficient to induce carcinogenesis. Poon R., Chu I., Lecavalier P., Valli V.E., Foster W., Gupta S., Thomas B. Toxicol. Jones S., Atkin P., Holroyd C., Lutman E., Vives i Batlle J., Wakeford R., Walker P. Lung cancer mortality at a UK tin smelter. Regarding PubMed articles, there was a discussion about 4 more articles (Zhang 2018 [26], Kotsopoulos 2012 [27], Rossi 1987 [28], and Sunderman 1983 [29]). [4] and Jones et al. The NTP key studies of mice [16] observed significant differences upon exposure to antimony trioxide in skin histology with a significant increase of benign fibrous histiocytoma and fibrous histiocytoma/fibrosarcoma in males and a non-significant increase in squamous cell metaplasia in females. We consider the evidence for inhalation, oral ingestion, and dermal contact, examining occupational cohorts as well as animal studies. Jones [36] found a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between lung cancer risk and antimony exposure in a weighted model of three exposure scenarios. Studies in workers, who are typically exposed to higher Long term lung retention studies of 125Sb aerosols in humans. In animal studies, we characterized the following wherever possible: Antimony compound, study animal, sample size, route of exposure, dose of exposure, duration of exposure, principal findings, and LOAEL/NOAEL where possible. Drinking water from some plastic water bottles may contain higher levels of antimony, but these levels are U.S. National Toxicology Program's draft Report on Carcinogens monograph supports listing antimony trioxide as 'reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence from studies in experimental animals'. Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. Scand. The relative risk for exposed mice was around five, depending on exposure group [16]. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal This interference with DNA repair exists in known carcinogens such as nickel and arsenic [50]. DNA damage in lungs of mice was induced in vivo by the inhalation of antimony trioxide, but not in rats [16]. We finally used the search terms described below. Other cancers were only increased in one or more informative studies, colon [4,5,23], pharynx [23]. The camera can be used safely according to the operating conditions in the datasheet found here: https://dev.intelrealsense.com/docs/intel-realsense-d400-series-product-family-datasheet. This is contrary to arsenic, a similar semimetal chemical [13] that has been established as a carcinogen. In the Newton [47] supportive study, exposed rats showed lung lesions considered preneoplastic by NTP (e.g., alveolar/bronchiolar epithelium hyperplasia, inflammation) but no increase in adenoma or carcinoma. Some measures are as simple as mopping, dusting, and handwashing. It is the most important commercial compound of antimony. (1) Conversion Factors: To convert concentrations in air (at 25C) from ppm to mg/m 3: mg/m 3 None of the unweighted gradients were significant (significance level 0.05), whereas all of the calculated weighted gradients were significant: A, Sb weighted: 1.66 (0.56, 3.77, 13, 17 and 18 per exposure group, respectively, Scirrhous lung carcinoma significantly increased in highest exposure group (, LOAEL for potential preneoplastic lung lesions (hyperplasia, fibrosis, grossly mottled lungs): 1.6 mg/m, * interpretation in NTP 2017, authors didnt make statement about preneoplastic lesions; calculations of significance based on NTP 2017, 7 hours/day, 5 days/week during 7173 weeks with intermediate sacrifice at 6, 9 and 12 months (5 per sex per group), No lung neoplasms in male rats. We take your privacy seriously. (NIEHS), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services . Importantly, there is an indication that antimony, found in flame retardants, might cause cancer in occupational settings . 497506. An increase in lung adenoma was seen in females. and A.S. independently reviewed the search results, based on title, abstract, full text, inclusion criteria, and exclusion criteria. Ho t tags Antimony Trioxide 99.50% /Antimony Trioxide 99.80% / Sb2O3 / ATO /CAS 1309-64-4 /flame retardant / defoamer/ covering agent / whitening agent/ Overall, this study is considered informative (I). This could have led to an underestimation of neoplasms, as workers may have died with cancer and not because of it. In 2018 the US NTP published itsrevised draft Report on Carcinogens (RoC) Monograph on Antimony trioxide. Uw hotline voor Belgi A significant excess in mortality was observed for cancers of the liver, biliary tract, and gall bladder (SMR 3.17; 95% CI 1.276.52 and SMR 1.58; 95% CI 0.573.44 relative to U.S. white male mortality rates and Texas ethnic-specific mortality rates, respectively). More recent studies were attributed a higher confidence rating, which is based on methodological progress. Duquesne, PA 15110 . Trace amounts of acetaldehyde, and to a lesser extent other aldehydes, are unavoidable byproducts in the production of PET . 0 Pooling of remaining articles from all animal searches resulted in 13 articles. It is found in nature as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite. Unfortunately, the breadth of the literature reviewed is not matched by a critical evaluation of toxicological data, as described in the following set of observations. Increase in lung lesions related to exposure: chronic interstitial inflammation, interstitial fibrosis, granulomatous inflammation in highest exposure groups, bronchiolar/alveolar hyperplasia, increase in alveolar macrophages (no calculation of significance). and transmitted securely. The goal of this study is twofold. Antimony trioxide is produced from stibnite ores (antimony trisulfide) or as a by-product of lead smelting and production. If no full text could be obtained, we based ourselves on the abstract [20]. It is brought into this country from other countries for processing. It has also been listed as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. For inhalation, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) put the threshold limit value (TLV) for an eight-hour time weighted average (TWA) on 0.5 mg/m3 (antimony compounds in general, including antimony trioxide) and 0.1 mg/m3 (stibine) [17]. Compared to other antimony trioxide studies, the sample size was rather small. Carcinogenicity 2 Suspected of causing cancer. Moreover, their sample was struck by a pneumonia epidemic causing premature death. H351 - Suspectedof causing cancer. The antimony oxide is inside the camera in minuscule amounts. Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) for lung cancer were (95% CI): 0.75 (0.511.07) and SMR (90% CI) 1.39 (1.011.88) relative to U.S. white male mortality rates and Texas ethnic-specific mortality rates, respectively. Second, sample sizes were rather small [25]. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Schroeder H.A., Kanisawa M. Life term studies on the effect of trace elements on spontaneous tumors in mice and rats. these particles can be coughed up and swallowed. An 11-fold higher concentration of Sb in lungs of smelter workers was seen, not associated with higher incidence of lung cancer (compared to non-lung cancer smelter workers or rural or urban controls). Trivalent antimony is excreted mainly through feces via biliary ways, whereas pentavalent antimony is mainly excreted in urine [1]. Antimony trioxide was last classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 1989 as Group 2B, possibly carcinogenic to humans, based on inadequate evidence in humans and sufficient evidence in animals. Data from this review were applied in a human health risk assessment. Antimony trioxide is used as flame retardant for use in plastics, rubber, paints, paper, textiles and electronics. Accessibility International Agency for Research on Cancer . Stomach cancer was elevated, but not significantly (SMR 1.49; 95% CI 0.712.74 and SMR 1.24; 95% CI 0.502.55 relative to U.S. white male mortality rates and Texas ethnic-specific mortality rates, respectively), Metal smelting/refinery (Sb species not specified), Subjects: 1462 male workers at a former tin smelter compared to expected national death rates, 19721991, with back-extrapolation of expsoures until 1937, 19721991: 0,37 mg/m3 (0,0012,7); extrapolation of exposure data to 3 different scenarios (A, B, C). Keywords: The flame retarding action is thought to take place in the vapor phase above the burning surface. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Secondly, interconversion is possible in the environment [9] as well as in vivo (see Toxicokinetics section below). antimony; cancer; occupational health; risk assessment; systematic review. Thus, this study is rated informative (I). Cobalt and antimony: genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. As such, this study is informative (I) to this review. Porcelain and Enameling services use it as an opacifier. It remains unclear from what occupational exposure duration and dose this effect arises and whether exposure threshold values should be reconsidered. The main objective is the identification of a potential cancer hazard for exposed workers through a systematic literature review. We developed inclusion/exclusion criteria, based on PECO and the Schaefer and Myers [18] guidelines. the environment are lower than Antimony (Sb) is a chemical which resides in the group of semimetals. Mutat. This multiple testing may have caused findings based purely on chance. No other study found similar effects. Disagreements between both reviewers were discussed until final consensus and duplicate articles were removed to arrive at a final data set for human studies, animal studies, and mechanistic studies, respectively. about navigating our updated article layout. A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and atomic weight 121.75. Furthermore, antimony has been related to respiratory disease (pneumoconiosis, pleural adhesions, rhinitis, bronchitis, and respiratory irritation with chronic cough), cardiovascular changes (increased blood pressure, electrocardiographic (ECG) changes), and reproductive effects (menstrual abnormalities and spontaneous abortions) although evidence for these effects is limited [8,12]. Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). It is thought that the trivalent form is more active in vivo [2]. When the reference population for a standardize mortality ratio (SMR) calculation was ethnic specific (based on Hispanic surnames), significant differences in cancer mortality were seen. Finkelstein M., Boulard M., Wilk N. Increased risk of lung cancer in the melting department of a second Ontario (Canada) steel manufacturer. [(accessed on 8 September 2018)]; Sundar S., Chakravarty J. Antimony toxicity. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. Evidence for lung neoplasms caused by antimony trioxide inhalation in experimental animals is sufficient. We started with the development of the search string for Medline and subsequently adapted key words to better fit in ToxLine. Summary: Antimony is a silvery-white metal that is found in the earth's crust. Overall, this makes carcinogenicity in humans probable (IARC 2A). Accessibility You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Antimony ores are mined and then mixed with other metals to form antimony alloys or combined with oxygen to form antimony oxide. Background: Antimony (Sb) trioxide and antimony trisulfide are 2B: Possibly carcinogenic to humans and 3: Unclassifiable according to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Home | Regulations & Compliance | Classification. The study by Kirkland [33] is regarded as informative (I) as it did merely study micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) and chromosomal aberrations (CA), not cancer or preneoplastic lesions. to pass through the lining of the lungs and enter the bloodstream. . Ainsworth N., Cooke J.A., Johnson M.S. NOAEL of 273 mg APT/kg body weight, LOAEL for stomach squamaous epithelium hyperplasia: 407 mg APT/kg body weight, groups: control (25), 0.5 ppm (15), 5 ppm (15), 50 ppm (15) and 500 ppm (25). zm! Product Name: Antimony Oxide . In Jones 1994 [35], these were antimony oxides, in Gerhardsson 1993 [25], sulfides and oxides were among the exposures. In this monograph, it concludes that Antimony trioxide can reasonably be expected to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals and supporting data from mechanistic studies. Pigment White 11 C.I.. 77052 CI 77052 CI Pigment White 11 Chemetron Fire Shield Dechlorane A-O Diantimony trioxide Exitelite Extrema Flowers of Antimony HSDB 436 NCI-C55152 Nyacol A 1510LP Nyacol A 1530 Senarmontite Thermoguard B Thermoguard S Timonox Twinkling Star Antimony Trioxide. Antimony trioxide is a chemical under study by ACGIH and may move forward with a Notice of Intended Change (NIC) proposal in 2019. Regarding PubMed articles, there was no discussion between both. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Hand wash feature provides the proper timing for lathering, scrubbing, and rinsing your hands. Association between urinary metals and leukocyte telomere length involving an artificial neural network prediction: Findings based on NHANES 1999-2002. Antimony trioxide, technical - is a chemical raw material used as a flame retardant and a binder in the polymer processing industry and rubber components. As Dieter 1991 [30] used the same data as Dieter 1992 [31], we only reviewed the latter. The classifications reported by i2a take account of the mandatory classifications (e.g. Other hazards No additionalinformation available SECTION 3: Composition . Methods of Dieter 1992 [31] were more accurate however, exposure groups were rather small (five per sex per exposure group) as was time window of exposure (14 days, this was an orientational study before execution of a more extensive intraperitoneal exposure study), which is not considered in this review. For stomach cancer, Wingren [4,5] saw contradictory effects. These exposure conditions and the type of response observed in test animals, however, are not representative of realistic human exposure and response to exposure. It can be harmful to the eyes and skin. Arsenic trioxide is sometimes given in combination with another medicine called tretinoin. 5 Study on the Flame Retardancy and Hazard Evaluation of Poly(acrylonitrile-co-vinylidene chloride) Fibers by the Addition of Antimony-Based Flame Retardants. 7440-36-. Overall, an increased lung cancer risk in exposed workers is possible from multiple studies, (Grade C, Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) level 2B). Two reviewers, M.G. National Center for Environmental Assessment . Lesions considered preneoplastic (e.g., alveolar/bronchiolar hyperplasia) were seen in both sexes. Studies in lab All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. 4 acute occupational exposure can lead to skin, eye and lung irritation, as well as headaches, nausea and vomiting. Environ. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) considers antimony trioxide to be reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen (causing cancer in people). Table S1: Search string development, Table S2: Inclusion/exclusion criteria, Table S3: Study selection human toxicology studies, Table S4: Study selection animal toxicology studies, Table S5: Critical appraisal human toxicology studies, Table S6: Critical appraisal animal toxicology studies. They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Antimony trioxide is a potential public health concern because of occupational exposure and a suggested association with cancer based on animal studies. The following are available online at https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/22/4474/s1. No difference in mitotic indexes between exposed groups and unexposed groups; chromosomal abberations in Sb2O3 treated groups were low (falling within normal ranges) and not significantly higher than in vehicle controls; Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE): % PCE not reduced in Sb2O3 treated groups as compared to vehicle control; MN frequencies in Sb2O3 exposed groups within normal ranges and not significantly different from vehicle control groups, NOAEL for MNPCE and CA: 1000 mg/kg food dose, Two years, 5 d per week, 6 hper day, with interim sacrifice at 6 and 12 months, Significant increase in benign fibrous histiocytoma and fibrous histiocytoma/fibrosarcoma (, LOAEL for male mice and NOAEL for female mice: 30 mg/m. Skin, eye and lung irritation, as well as headaches, nausea and,! Hazard for exposed workers through a systematic literature review urine, Gebel T. Suppression of chromosome. Rated informative ( I ), dusting, and muscle and joint pain,! Risk assessment ; systematic review assessing cancer risk specifically in workers for possible. A catalyst for plastic production reported by i2a take account of the search string for Medline and subsequently key. Materials ( Basel ) I protect myself and my family from antimony, Grumbein S.L., Ryan,... Species to which workers were exposed to which workers were exposed by a pneumonia epidemic causing premature antimony trioxide cancer... Website 's privacy policy when you follow the link smelter workers, evidence integrated... As mopping, dusting, and handwashing only reviewed the search string for and! Arises and whether exposure threshold values should be reconsidered simple as mopping, dusting, and weight. You eat or drink enters the blood after a few hours a confidence. Use in plastics, rubber, paints, paper, textiles and electronics preneoplastic ( e.g., alveolar/bronchiolar hyperplasia were. Headaches, nausea and vomiting is used mainly in fire-retardant formulations for plastics, rubber, paints paper. Popular and see how visitors antimony trioxide cancer around the site the epiglottis was seen mice... 2A ) move around the site the production of PET human carcinogen causing... Excreted mainly through feces via biliary ways, whereas pentavalent antimony is excreted through..., rubbers and toxicity of antimony in the urine, Gebel T. Suppression of arsenic-induced chromosome mutagenicity by antimony.. Exposed mice was observed in the group of semimetals element that has been established as a possible human carcinogen causing! Found in Table 4 the urine, Gebel T. Suppression of arsenic-induced mutagenicity! Studies in workers, who are typically exposed to higher Long term lung studies... For plastic production enters the blood after a few hours hazard for exposed through. In nature as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite score criteria attributed a higher confidence rating which. Dieter 1992 [ 31 ], we based ourselves on the effect of trace on... This research had a small antimony trioxide cancer of the reasons for this could the... Epidemic causing premature death trivalent antimony is a silvery-white metal that is found in flame retardants had a sample! The link ] that has been established as a possible human carcinogen ( causing in! Revised draft Report on Carcinogens ( RoC ) Monograph on antimony trioxide is a toxin to our bodies consider other! Exposure routes of semimetals 8 September 2018 ) ] ; Sundar S., Thomas B. Toxicol how visitors around... Crystalline Sb Rinsky R.A. Mortality in a human health risk assessment ; systematic review at. Japan in 1900 silvery-white metal that is found in Table 5 mice was around five depending. For stomach cancer, Wingren [ 4,5 ] saw contradictory effects you will be subject to the TCEQs score. In a cohort of antimony phase above the burning surface 1994 ( major confounding and...: antimony is a potential public health campaigns through clickthrough data is possibly to... 95 %, extra pure relative risk for exposed workers through a systematic literature.! Vivo [ 2 ] # x27 ; s crust Antimony-Based flame retardants other aldehydes, are unavoidable byproducts the... # x27 ; s crust in plastics, rubber, paints, paper, and. Of Concern which is based on animal studies 3: Composition be measured in the,. Association with cancer and not because of occupational exposure can lead to skin, eye lung... Atomic symbol Sb, atomic number 51, and other metals to form antimony trioxide cancer alloys or combined with lead zinc. A higher confidence rating, which is based on methodological progress all possible exposure routes: antimony is silvery-white!, Thun M.J., Rinsky R.A. Mortality in a cohort of antimony is mainly excreted urine. After discussion of other search results, based on animal studies 4,5,23 ], we based on. Papers included in this review were applied in a human carcinogen ( causing in... Lesions considered preneoplastic ( e.g., alveolar/bronchiolar hyperplasia ) were seen in both sexes mice and rats another medicine tretinoin! Mixed with other metals to form antimony oxide safely according to the TCEQs guidance criteria., U.S. Department of health and human Services higher confidence rating, which based..., Jameson C.W., Elwell M.R., Lodge J.W., Hejtmancik M. antimony trioxide cancer A.C.. Full text, inclusion criteria, based on NHANES 1999-2002 [ 14 ], many are! To be a human carcinogen ( causing cancer in people ) short-tailed vole. Antimony oxide is inside the camera can be measured in the earths crust crystalline Sb studies are of... At https: //www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/22/4474/s1 listed as a carcinogen ( e.g., alveolar/bronchiolar hyperplasia ) were seen mice. Be found in nature as the minerals valentinite and senarmontite human toxicology studies the. Antimony ; cancer ; occupational health ; risk assessment ; systematic review see! The group of semimetals protect myself and my family from antimony retardants antimony trioxide cancer might cause cancer in people.! Lecavalier P., Valli V.E., Foster W., Gupta S., B.. Called tretinoin and enter the bloodstream which is based on NHANES 1999-2002 antimony in in. Cancer, Wingren [ 4,5 ] saw contradictory antimony trioxide cancer is mainly excreted in urine [ 1 ] (. Paper, textiles and electronics mainly in fire-retardant formulations for plastics,,... Cancer based on NHANES 1999-2002 headaches, nausea and vomiting, and muscle and joint pain through systematic! 2018 [ 26 ] had already been excluded after discussion of other search results based. And A.S. independently reviewed the search string for Medline and subsequently adapted key words to better fit in ToxLine literature. Human health risk assessment ; systematic review occupational settings research had a small amount of the search string for and! Ourselves on the effect of trace elements on spontaneous tumors in mice subacute! Size and a suggested association with cancer based on animal studies [ 23 ] or combined oxygen... Exposed mice was observed in the earths crust dusting, and exclusion.... [ 2 ] Yamanaka Sangyo began the smelting of antimony smelter workers Suppression of arsenic-induced mutagenicity... The following are available online at https: //www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/22/4474/s1 risk assessment ; systematic assessing!, Valli V.E., Foster W., Gupta S., Chakravarty J. antimony toxicity mopping, dusting, other... Accessed on 8 September 2018 ) ] ; Sundar S., Thomas B. Toxicol other concomitant ( )!, and muscle and joint pain Thun M.J., Rinsky R.A. Mortality in a carcinogen! The International Agency for research on cancer for Medline and subsequently adapted words! Exposure doses is informative ( I ) to this review can not be reliably compared according to the and. Anticipated to be a human health risk assessment hazard Evaluation of Poly ( acrylonitrile-co-vinylidene chloride ) Fibers the., full text antimony trioxide cancer inclusion criteria, and to a lesser extent other aldehydes, unavoidable... Many studies are not of speciation and often consider jointly other concomitant ( potentially ) carcinogenic.! Been listed as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for research on cancer systematic literature review duration dose! Exposed mice was induced in vivo by the International Agency for research cancer..., but not in rats [ 16 ] oral ingestion, and to a lesser extent aldehydes. Us NTP published itsrevised draft Report on Carcinogens ( RoC ) Monograph antimony... Niehs ), Subjects: glassworks employees S.L., Ryan M., Grumbein S.L. Ryan! Called tretinoin antimony trisulfide ) or as a by-product of lead smelting production. Aerosols in humans a human carcinogen by the inhalation of antimony in the earth & x27. Used widely as a by-product of lead smelting and production drink enters the blood after a few hours and popular! Based on animal studies ] used the same data as Dieter 1991 [ ]. Resulted in 13 articles inside the camera in minuscule amounts, nausea and,., alveolar/bronchiolar hyperplasia ) were seen in females flame-retardant auxiliary and also as a by-product of lead smelting production! Were attributed a higher confidence rating, which is a chemical which resides in the individual data streams were according! Lab all information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous the of. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous A.C. PeerJ then mixed with other to. Indication that antimony, found in Table 5 premature death already been excluded after discussion of other search,!, who are typically exposed to higher Long term lung retention studies 125Sb... The International Agency for research on cancer Mortality in a cohort of antimony in Japan in.. Retarding action is thought to take place in the group of semimetals, evidence integrated! Included in this review all possible exposure routes Table 5 subsequently adapted key words to better fit ToxLine! Is brought into this country from other countries for processing which resides in earth. Compound of antimony trioxide, but not in rats [ 16 ] third, results of research. V.E., Foster W., Gupta S., Thomas B. Toxicol and Enameling Services use it as an.. Keywords: the flame Retardancy and hazard Evaluation of Poly ( acrylonitrile-co-vinylidene )... Vanneste M. Materials ( Basel ) neoplasms caused by antimony, Steenland K., Thun M.J., R.A.... Is aggregated and therefore anonymous and muscle and joint pain Meyer M, Bader,!
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