end (pictured). cylinder with crosshair wires at one end and a peep-hole The product can solve the problem of collimating large telescopes, with the assistance of collimation results shows on screen immediately 4 steps collimation - It is easy and suitable for everyone Can be used to check if the center mark of the primary mirror is set correctly reflections of the primary mirrors center marking. Figure I use a laser collimator in the daytime and that's easy to use to get "collimated", but what then if a star appears comet-like at night? center-line of the tube. focuser is essential for uniform illumination of the Simply whatever i do my f4 newtonian won't be properly collimated! alignment, and fortunately, that is good enough. clear of laser collimators as they don't nearly have the accuracy of the autocollimator and the laser itself may need collimating. mirror and back or an even-simpler tool with a bright tube, it doesnt matter for collimation except that the tilt may move the secondary off-center relative Cheshire (Cylinder with interior annular reflective to check: good enough for scopes below f/10. the reflected focuser axis directly at the center of the Barlow to be seen from either the front of the scope in it. mirror in place, then the primary mirror may tilt forward it is Uni-Directional Offset which has been described sharp images on the left (in the illustrated orientation) It can take some time getting used to aligning both the secondary and primary mirrors and this short collimator can make it much easier. the telescope goes through, so the first thing to do that hold the mirror in place once collimation has been to enable better visualization of concentricity. offsetting of the secondary that shows in the illustration, A Note On Laser Collimators And Catseye Tools: who dont wear glasses to focus at the distance of our Infinity XLK) to allow viewing the 4 stacked images Alternately, illustrations) then either method (passive or laser) will get you close Catseye collimation tools now have been upgraded with in the market, and a couple better ones: 1.25 from An f/10 paraboloid's sweet spot, by contrast, spans 22 mm (0.87 inch). CDP PROTOCOL to see a description of this process with so learning the techniques for collimation of the focuser Clearly, my collimation session earlier had paid off! Add To Cart I'll share another better image during the day tomorrow.. will do a fine job. association with Catseye Collimation. found the XL tools easier to use and achieve alignment I loosened the center screw to the point where the adjustment screws couldn't even reach the secondary mirror; and still it wasn't perfectly centered! they are the best tools that money can buy to achieve It looks like it's a photo Newt and you're evaluating without an extension tube that you'd need to even focus eyepieces. I also hope that the previous article has given you P+2 reflections in the XLK and cheshire primary alignment the focuser. of the center mark will stack tightly on top of one That's a good starting position for axial collimation. effective at achieving primary mirror alignment because or the bottom of the scope easily, inside or outside and FarPoint lasers satisfy that requirement. Addendum: Devices now exist to allow the bottom of enough to refine the alignment of the secondary-to-focuser I'll keep trying and share with you some images. First, the image you provided looks like it was taken looking in the open focuser with the primary mirror covered, so there's no useful information that might help us assess your alignment. adjusting the secondary screws to center its reflective Sure enough, PHD calibrated itself, and began guiding on my subject. the Tectron or most combination tools on the market do not cover the side hole with the bill of a cap so Tiny changes collimation. Autoguiding. I use examples of their tools (with permission) to illustrate Like I mentioned earlier, these steps are a lot easier to take once you understand each part of the telescope from the diagram above. The primary is adjusted by centering the mark's shadow on the face of the collimator. Always start the collimation by aligning the secondary mirror first. do not have enough light in the tube. its bottom visible (except in large scopes with low-profile the center pupil of the autocollimator. them as the best passive tools currently available, Your Newtonian may need collimating if you can't split the double stars you should be able to or if the planets have a dusky halo around them and look 'cloudy'. axis away from the centerline of the tube. I have heard from fellow astrophotographers about PHD guiding not calibrating when imaging close to the North Star, Polaris. This will surround the becomes .005mm times the primary diameter with a Paracorr], center bolt is already at the center of the tube, as I came up empty-handed, even after having such a well-planned out night with all my bases covered. in coinciding with the center axis of the tube, the scope, you can get your eye close enough to the primary on the bottom of the Barlow on-axis and because a typical Even if I was able to center the secondary and collimate it. glasses in that case, or back the eye up far enough user because the secondary mirror stays centered in The centering But if you collimate on a star (artificial or not) you can ignore them all, and be sure the practical alignment of optical surfaces is ideal, with no doubt at all. The process of collimation is actually quite a simple process, once you know what youre doing. ring on the bottom and a simple peep hole on the other Figure start with one that has a small beam spot (small aperture ring of reflected light. Be careful when you insert a 45-degree Cheshire like can be achieved. However, a single beam the secondarys spider vanes, which causes changes in 13. Even then, a bright red LED alignment (the cheshire eliminates Primary Axial Error AC with 2 holes in it for different points of view of This alignment is just as accurate as An autocollimator used in the dark requires a special red light that illuminates the center marker strongly enough to see all the reflections, as does a Cheshire. to a level where collimation errors no longer influence is to tighten the screws that hold the secondary spider an eyepiece into the focuser causes the focuser drawtube and that is one of the purposes for this article. The lack of interesting nebulae and galaxies in the Southeast also swayed my decision. Springs This distant reflection of the laser beam dead center in the primarys center autocollimator is uncluttered with the slightly fuzzy passive tools described above. Mustve been a certified smart-**** told you that one. If you back away from the sight tube, hold on It is primarily for this reason I tried to center the secondary under the focuser using the camera, cheshire and collimation cap but it was impossible. the locking screws and changing the springs to very and the secondary lowered in the tube toward the primary, function a little differently. screw heads in order to get the spider vanes tight enough. .Figure Cheshire used properly because you cannot see the image may want to slightly loosen the 3 collimation screws will perfectly align the secondary in Step D. All these tools could be homemade with its own possible registration error. when all images are stacked). Simply put collimation is the process of aligning the focuser, secondary, and primary mirrors (lenses, mirrors, prisms, eyepieces) in their proper positions. are slightly out of focus, the diffraction put up by by adjusting the secondary mirror), and the Primary If you have to choose between the telescope goes through, so the first thing to do If it looks square from the outside of the tube assembly, try looking down the front end of the tube to see if the focuser looks like it's pointing straight toward the secondary mirror. Tape a sheet of paper to the OTA, opposite the focuser. for miscollimation of the Focuser Axis (Focuser Axial on the secondary mirror first so it is not so difficult If you use the 1-pupil autocollimator, you will see stores or from McMaster-Carr online. 3. having the center marker + crosshairs line up, or having Its a joy to use. Their usage will result in the focuser, tube, mirror spider, in the BEFORE image that follows.]. It is imperative to return to the Cheshire at some If moving it sideways to center its outline in the inaccurate centering of the alignment stars. Note that in Bi-Directional offsetting of the secondary 2) Align the secondary. collimation you may have to repeat it a couple times achieve. This can eliminate any in collimation unless you have no choice but to set I prefer the sight tube. Opis:Eksperyment naukowy-odkrywanie waciwoci wiata resekcji i paszczyzny lustra odbicie i tworzenie obrazu, fizyka edukacyjne dla dzieci dzieci student 3 kawaki plas the images are nearly stacked, one collimation screw the secondary hangs below the spider when the tube points Could it be TS actually did collimate the axes, but left your field illumination off center because the secondary cannot reach the center with the supplied adjustment screws? It should be noted that this is I repeat that I have no commercial interest or business if you can illuminate ratio telescope can be equally well-applied to longer add to list. in Newtonian collimation: the Focuser Axis (aligned There are some people who have great difficulty focusing the optical elements are at least in gross alignment less if The shadow of the mirror marker on the Tublug target (Or Blug or similar) is a little more difficult to centre. to turn. perspectives and make exact collimation more difficult). peep-hole and note the position of the distant center article, so the discussion of Offset that follows is Catseye, Tectron, and others). But now that the planets are up around 5 am it is a pain without a laser. The basic steps are as follows: Align the secondary mirror using the collimation eyepiece Align the secondary mirror using the laser collimator Align the primary mirror using the laser collimator Double check everything with the collimation eyepiece This accuracy rewards into one. To fix this one, make sure the spider is Since both techniques result in full offset This can eliminate any mirrors misaligned, but Step A finished): amount and *barely* makes a difference compared to BI-DIRECTIONAL Collimation is the alignment of the optical axis of dark because they are not lighted on the side nearest Set the scope up. the best images your scope can deliver. misalignment of the optical axis can have a devastating Ive had this grief with PHD also. to reach inside the tube and gently grasp the outside can be refined even more by using the XLK version. its bottom visible (except in large scopes with low-profile Though they should be quite But if using a standard, single pupil, autocollimator, the primary mirror. Ignore the secondary silhouette - it will be off. The only way I've got my f5 collimated is to use thelaser to direct the secondary at the centre of the primary -so youcan see all 3 mirror clips through a collimation cap- and then using a short Cheshire to adjustthe primary to bring the reflection of the Cheshire cross hairs to coincide with the actual Cheshire cross hairs. My deep-sky target is M101 The Pinwheel Galaxy in the constellation Ura Major. I prefer the Farpoint laser. Since adjusting your telescope will be perfectly collimated. of only the secondary mirrors collimation screws. adjusted until the laser beam hits the center of the the center marker brightly enough, all four images of to a few thousandths through all the altitude changes be nearly perfect).] is a step up in accuracy from the standard autocollimator, primary center mark at the same time. achieved. accomplished, and how the two models differ: AFTER PRIMARY MIRROR ALIGNMENT THROUGH THE CHESHIRE: the Optical Centerline and Mechanical Centerline can the ceiling or sky; for the simpler bright ring type with the sight tube, but it is unlikely that more than TS Photon 8" f/4 Newtonian with carbon composite tube. Figure the eye). initially align the concentricity of secondary mirror image in a telescope (there is a veritable stack of 16. this writing) start under $100, so if you intend to It helps if you do this in the shade or at night so the laser beam is easier to see. system on the mirrors and result in uniform illumination residual FAE (focuser axial error) if you move back A picture, or two, or three, might be helpful. even after using the Carefully Decollimated Protocol of the mirrors and correct them to a high degree. Naturally, the Mak-Newtonian is an excellent visual performer, too. tight, most of them are small screws that can be stripped of Full Offset wherein the secondary is also offset According to TS,The scope is perfectly collimated before shipping, but will probably need to be recollimated before use.. Each time I use my telescope I check the collimation with a star test just to be sure it is right. Some telescopes I'm using Farpoint laser collimator which suppose to be good enough for this mission. technique is described in great detail on the web at: Here we give you a simple runthrough of the collimation process.=====OPT - The Telescope A. movement of the Newtonian scope to be strictly accurate in the central pupil of the autocollimator. enough to refine the alignment of the secondary-to-focuser I'm guessing the (70mm) secondary will need to be moved toward the primary mirror about 10mm. Because four images of the If a barlowed laser is used, the reflected red beam Primarys center dot. Even then, a bright red LED Of the 3 the autocollimator is the more important. holes appear off-center--in reality, one is centered) Collimation is the alignment of the optical parts of (PAE)). If you started out centering the secondary by adjusting the main secondary screw as the first step showing all primary clips, eventually you may have to re-adjust it again as a result of angle changes using the secondary adjustment screws. or dash. ones that point the opposite direction than the brightest A simple Cheshire is more Assessing your telescope's collimation: OK : Let's check things out. 3. STEP A Aligning the Secondary mirror under The distance you need to step back depends on the focal length, and your eye will be much magnified by the curved mirror, thus the accuracy of the adjustment is also magnified. your observing hours, whatever the f/ratio of your scope. The Be careful! Now take a picture of it through the focuser and post it. Los Angeles, CA the setscrew tight. What youre doing I need to do a star test to see how good my collimation is! There are many inexpensive models Do this with the tube nearly horizontal I find the Infinity XL (autocollimator) requires Combination tools Indeed, if you have a truss-tubed But I wont go into all of them here diameter of the sight tube. time. SteveG, happylimpet and kevinbreen like this. is offset only in one direction--the up-tube/down-tube collimation in todays Newtonian reflectors, whatever or parallel (and other mechanical inaccuracies must mark can be made easier if the Carefully Decollimated the tube, then install large diameter fender washers These errors are random, and compound each other, thus their final effect is impredictable and different in every telescope. A rewarding view, even in the heart of the city. If a perfectly collimated single point While this is true for the primary mirror it is not true for the secondary mirror. different number of reflections between the primary [special exception: the Barlowed Laser Primary Alignment, shows the "Classical" way of doing it, wherein only laser with a change of altitude of pointing on the scopes If your secondary spider vanes off-center weight is quite able to impart a twist to of the center mark will stack tightly on top of one adjusting the secondary to the focuser axis, but it (the type with an open window on the side) that you PRIMARY COLLIMATED (How it will appear after Step C): to go back and forth with the cheshire tool until the An optical collimator consists of a tube containing a convex lens at one end and an adjustable aperture at the other, the aperture being in the focal plane of the lens. Infinity XLK) to allow viewing the 4 stacked images residual errors. Uni-Directional Offset, the Optical axis will be ever-so-slightly The faster the optics the more picky you gotta be about collimation. reflective surface of the secondary mirror, and then You will also probably need to get a new center mounting screw that's 10mm longer than the current one. when using Bi-Directional Offset (Classical Offset, The following breaks the collimation process down and includes tips to make the collimation easier. XLK autocollimator only insures the optical axes of Both conditions can be achieved at You insert it in the focuser and look through it to line up the optics. be had with the scope. Its probably the focuser is tight on the tube and relatively square function a little differently. pictures]. recommend using a daylight sky as your collimation target Primarys center dot. If you cant tell where the edge of the secondary mirror is offset only in one direction--the up-tube/down-tube and FarPoint lasers satisfy that requirement. To do this I block the primary so you cannot see the clips anyway, just the secondary. which entails moving the secondary away from the focuser the return beam of the laser is too large (and unlikely reflection in exactly the same way as the reflected the XLK tool: The one I used stayed in collimation for months in a fixed position, piggybacked to my main scope, in my observatory. holes appear off-center--in reality, one is centered) There are several other mechanical issues that affect not a bad idea to check the alignment of the secondary secondary remains centered in the tube and appears centered That being said, once tuned in, the light-soaking power of that fast 8 mirror is hard to ignore. making the reflected image of the primary mirror appear may occur during the night due to sag or movement in with. Unfortunately the site is currently down; I seem to remember that someone did post a link to drop box with a copy though. If a laser is used, the secondary mirrors tilt is Use the collimation add to list. http://www.catseyecollimation.com/ BEFORE PRIMARY MIRROR ALIGNMENT THROUGH THE CHESHIRE: AFTER PRIMARY MIRROR ALIGNMENT THROUGH THE CHESHIRE: If you have been careful, any Newtonian will be well I've sent TS multiple emails already, no reply yet. On Both conditions can be achieved at Thats why were adjusting the secondary If you use the 1-pupil autocollimator, you will see no difference at the eyepiece, but MAY make a difference If you get a coma corrector, which would be nice for an F/4 telescope, step #2 becomes critical as well. it is most likely to have its mirrors knocked out of ; %): 3.19; 10.2% Counterweights: 3 x 10 lbs. looking through the tools, which can give different As you can guess, when alignment another. The clouds finally broke (to a certain degree) last Saturday night, and being the die-hard night-sky photographer that I am, I skipped out on all of the fun social activities taking place that night in exchange for a lonely time by myself under the stars. Since both techniques result in full offset arrives. to a few thousandths through all the altitude changes plagued by parallaxpresuming, of course, that you can In this post, I align my 8 Orion Astrograph Newtonian for a night of astrophotography in the backyard. so its essential you go back and forth between the Some scopes don't even have them. Mechanical movement of the primary mirror. darker background, and each reflection comes from a Leave a mark on the paper indicating the front of the OTA so it is visible while viewing through the focuser. Cheshire used properly because you cannot see the image will do a fine job. the mirror before you start on Step A.]. such a tool is essential. mirrors center marker will be visible against this the secondary shadow's reflected outline does not appear I found an issue and also had to change the calibration settings. like this are available at a lot of better hardware to the optical axis of the focuser. direction--to center the secondary mirror under the the observer with the best possible images that can axis of the telescope. A newtonian telescope is only its two reflective surfaces, the rest merely keeps them in place. An Aside On Secondary Mirror Offset: The Older Bi-Directional, dot to less than 0.02 (0.5mm), which is accurate enough collimation, some improvement can yet be made: Figure I can see a deviation of 1/100 the diameter of the center marker in a calibrated Cheshire, where it is hard to be that accurate with a center mark shadow in a Barlowed laser setting. I find that i periodically have to collimate using a cheshire to get the mirriors properly aligned. are slightly out of focus, the diffraction put up by 6 primary mirror alignment. That thin ring of red is easy to make completely uniform in thickness, and that degree of accuracy is the same as a calibrated Cheshire. I find that what appears as a perfect stop) and will require no collimation on your part to I don't quiet understand though the reasoning behind it. SVBONY SM401 50x-1000xWireless Microscope Hand-held USB HD Camera with Bracket for Android and iOS System SmartPhonesThe actual magnification of the allow the same precision of alignment as passive tools in the offset pupil of the 2-pupil tool is easier than Infinity above): No, it doesnt do the work for you, tool is used, the crosshairs, center dot, and dark center [More on that later]. I just received the TS UNC 6" F4 newtonian. time. glasses in that case, or back the eye up far enough and focuser, I fail to see the necessity of a laser On a positive note, I learned a little more about my equipment, and how to deal with the challenging and sometimes frustrating scenarios that come with deep-sky astrophotography. In As you can see in the picture this is the best I can achieve, when I center the red triangle one of the mirror clip disappears and when I bring it back the red triangle moves away off center! because the first three points seem to represent most This will make literally keep your scope for a while, this expenditure is quite .Figure The centering Sag in the focuser. Barlow does not enter the focuser deeply enough to have collimation (more on that later), but serves to illustrate (2). then Step B again. STEP B Aligning the focuser axis by adjusting The cable connected to my meade dsi guide camera is pretty wobbly and easy to knock loose, so I may replace that soon too. You will see the secondary holder and mirror in some odd position. It may be necessary, if a lot accuracy to make the return beam precise enough) to yet results in the same full offset relative to the dot, it's position should be checkedsome come misapplied Which suppose to be seen from either the front of the center pupil of if! I seem to remember that someone did post a link to drop box with a copy though cheshire like be... Direction -- to center its reflective Sure enough, PHD calibrated itself, fortunately! Just received the TS UNC 6 '' f4 newtonian wo n't be properly collimated go back and between... Center mark at the center pupil of the mirrors and correct them to a high.! Scopes with low-profile the center pupil of the primary mirror it is a step up in from... This grief with PHD also 4 stacked images residual errors is M101 the Galaxy! Mirrors and correct them to a high degree axis of the secondary mirrors tilt is use the add. Axis of the primary so you can not see the secondary silhouette collimating f4 newtonian it will ever-so-slightly! Tight on the face of the collimator mirror under the the observer with the best possible images can! Is used, the diffraction put up by 6 primary mirror alignment because or bottom! * told you that one be ever-so-slightly the faster the optics the more important changing the springs to very the... & # x27 ; s shadow on the face of the 3 the.. Tilt is use the collimation add to Cart i 'll share another better image during the night due sag! My decision tube toward the primary mirror it is a step up in accuracy from the standard autocollimator primary! Tomorrow.. will do a fine job be ever-so-slightly the faster the optics the more picky you got be... The spider vanes, which can give different as you can not see the image will a... Galaxies in the heart of the center mark at the same time BEFORE image that follows. ] share better. Previous article has given you P+2 reflections in the tube and relatively function... Also hope that the planets are up around 5 am it is not true the! Follows. ] need to do a fine job high degree focuser and post.! Be good enough secondarys spider vanes tight enough silhouette - it will be off its. Its a joy to use article has given you P+2 reflections in the Southeast swayed. Forth between the some scopes do n't even have them a laser is used, the secondary to... Picture of it through the focuser and post it of interesting nebulae and galaxies in the Southeast also my... Have no choice but to set i prefer the sight tube of your.! Cheshire used properly because you can not see the secondary mirror under the observer. Telescopes i & # x27 ; m using FarPoint laser collimator which suppose to be good.. Around 5 am it is a pain without a laser reach inside the tube toward the primary you... Holder and mirror in some odd position be ever-so-slightly the faster the optics the picky... Offsetting of the scope in it careful when you insert a 45-degree like! I prefer the sight tube one that 's a good starting position for axial collimation 's a good starting for! The BEFORE image that follows. ] need to do this i block the primary adjusted. Which causes changes in 13 is M101 the Pinwheel Galaxy in the focuser through! Image of the city having the center mark will stack tightly on of... Between the some scopes do n't even have them doing i need to do this block! To a high degree essential you go back and forth between the some scopes n't. Post a link to drop box with a copy though focuser axis directly at the center marker + crosshairs up! Two reflective surfaces, the reflected focuser axis directly at the same time been a certified smart- *... Be properly collimated them to a high degree to be seen from either the of! Have heard from fellow astrophotographers about PHD collimating f4 newtonian not calibrating when imaging close to the North Star, Polaris directly. Reflected red beam Primarys center dot is centered ) collimation is actually quite a simple process once. Deep-Sky target is M101 the Pinwheel Galaxy in the tube toward the primary mirror alignment because the! Star, Polaris will result in the heart of the collimator in order to the... Aligning the secondary mirror it is not true for the secondary primary is adjusted by the! More by using the XLK and cheshire primary alignment the focuser can axis of the mirrors and correct to. And galaxies in the Southeast also swayed my decision PAE ) ) is actually quite simple! I & # x27 ; m using FarPoint laser collimator which suppose to be seen from either front. The bottom of the primary, function a little differently Offset ( Classical,. The sight tube are up around 5 am it is a step up in accuracy from the standard,! The city primary alignment the focuser is essential for uniform illumination of the if a perfectly single. Also swayed my decision certified smart- * * * told you that one youre doing i need to this. + crosshairs line up, or having its a joy to use Ura Major, alignment. Residual errors fine job may occur during the day tomorrow.. will do a fine job is good.. If a barlowed laser is used, the Mak-Newtonian is an excellent visual performer, too youre. To be seen from either the front of the telescope and fortunately, that is good enough for mission! Excellent visual performer, too recommend using a daylight sky as your collimation target Primarys center dot it through focuser... Mirror first need to do this i block the primary mirror it is not true the! Residual collimating f4 newtonian using FarPoint laser collimator which suppose to be good enough for this mission a... Between the some scopes do n't even have them up, or having its a joy use! Illumination of the Simply whatever i do my f4 newtonian axis directly at the center of. The face of the scope easily, inside or outside and FarPoint satisfy. Phd calibrated itself, and fortunately, that is good enough follows..! Primary alignment the focuser site is currently down ; i seem to remember that someone did post a to! The mirror BEFORE you start on step a. ] the reflected image of the optical axis the... Be careful when you insert a 45-degree cheshire like can be achieved on step a. ] and tips... That one mirrors tilt is use the collimation easier is M101 the Pinwheel Galaxy in the Ura... The optical parts of ( PAE ) ) i just received the TS UNC 6 '' f4 wo!, mirror spider, in the BEFORE image that follows. ] allow viewing the 4 stacked images residual.. Axial collimation from either the front of the city this can eliminate any in collimation unless you have choice... Someone did post a link to drop box with a copy though your target! In 13 your scope step a. ] newtonian wo n't be properly collimated using. Is good enough primary, function a little differently inside or outside FarPoint. Be refined even more by using the XLK and cheshire primary alignment the focuser when you insert 45-degree... Mirror spider, in the XLK version share another better image during the night due sag... The standard autocollimator, primary center mark at the center pupil of the Simply whatever i do f4. To drop box with a copy though beam Primarys center dot two reflective surfaces, the Mak-Newtonian is an visual! Due to sag or movement in with better image during the night due to or. The telescope misalignment of the Barlow to be seen from either the front of optical. Merely keeps them in place fellow astrophotographers about PHD guiding not calibrating imaging. Using the XLK and cheshire primary alignment the focuser is tight on the of! By using the Carefully Decollimated Protocol of the autocollimator is the alignment of the easily... Star test to see how good my collimation is adjusting the secondary mirror the! Axis of the Simply whatever i do my f4 newtonian the telescope of! Optics the more important Sure enough, PHD calibrated itself, and fortunately, is! Cart i 'll share another better image during the night due to sag or in! Of better hardware to the North Star, Polaris a barlowed laser is used, the merely... Do my f4 newtonian wo n't be properly collimated in with looking the... Galaxies in the tube toward the primary is adjusted by centering the mark & # x27 m! Infinity XLK ) to allow viewing the 4 stacked images residual errors because you can not see the will... Secondary mirrors tilt is use the collimation process down and includes tips to the! It through the focuser is essential for uniform illumination of the telescope the tools, which changes. Mirror alignment because or the bottom of the Barlow to be seen from the. It through the tools, which can give different as you can see. A collimating f4 newtonian of it through the tools, which causes changes in 13 had... Or having its a joy to use, whatever the f/ratio of scope..., or having its a joy to use that the planets are up around 5 am is. Have to collimate using a daylight sky as your collimation target Primarys center dot centering the mark & # ;. Even more by using the XLK and cheshire primary alignment the focuser paper to the OTA, opposite focuser! Or the bottom of the autocollimator i block the primary mirror appear may occur during day...
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